来源 / Source: Project Gutenberg

Source / 来源: Project Gutenberg

逻辑哲学论：命题 1-2 (世界)

Tractatus: Prop. 1-2 (The World)

路德维希·维特根斯坦 (Ludwig Wittgenstein)C.K. 奥格登 (C.K. Ogden) 译 (1922)

Ludwig WittgensteinTranslated by C.K. Ogden (1922)

1. 世界 (The World)

1. The World

1 世界是所发生的一切。

1 The world is everything that is the case.

1.1 世界是事实的总体，而不是事物的总体。

1.1 The world is the totality of facts, not of things.

1.11 世界由事实决定，并由它们是全部事实这一点所决定。

1.11 The world is determined by the facts, and by these being all the facts.

1.12 因为事实的总体决定了什么是所发生的，也决定了所有什么不是所发生的。

1.12 For the totality of facts determines both what is the case, and also all that is not the case.

1.13 逻辑空间中的事实就是世界。

1.13 The facts in logical space are the world.

1.2 世界分解为事实。

1.2 The world divides into facts.

1.21 任何一件事情都可以发生或不发生，而其余的一切则保持不变。

1.21 Any one can either be the case or not be the case, and everything else remain the same.

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2. 原子事实 (Atomic Facts)

2. Atomic Facts

2 所发生的事，即事实，就是原子事实的存在。

2 What is the case, the fact, is the existence of atomic facts.

2.01 原子事实是对象（实体，事物）的结合。

2.01 An atomic fact is a combination of objects (entities, things).

2.011 事物的本质在于它能够成为原子事实的组成部分。

2.011 It is essential to a thing that it can be a constituent part of an atomic fact.

2.012 在逻辑中没有什么是偶然的：如果一个事物能够出现在一个原子事实中，那么该原子事实的可能性必然已经预含于该事物之中。

2.012 In logic nothing is accidental: if a thing can occur in an atomic fact the possibility of that atomic fact must already be prejudged in the thing.

2.0121 如果对于一个原本能够独自存在的事物，随后却有一个事态去适合它，这看起来就像是一种偶然。 如果事物能够出现在原子事实中，这种可能性必然已经存在于它们之中。

2.0121 It would, so to speak, appear as an accident, when to a thing that could exist alone on its own account, subsequently a state of affairs could be made to fit. If things can occur in atomic facts, this possibility must already lie in them.

$$(\mathrm{逻}\mathrm{辑}\mathrm{实}\mathrm{体}\mathrm{不}\mathrm{能}\mathrm{只}\mathrm{是}\mathrm{可}\mathrm{能}\mathrm{的}。\mathrm{逻}\mathrm{辑}\mathrm{处}\mathrm{理}\mathrm{每}\mathrm{一}\mathrm{种}\mathrm{可}\mathrm{能}\mathrm{性}，\mathrm{而}\mathrm{一}\mathrm{切}\mathrm{可}\mathrm{能}\mathrm{性}\mathrm{都}\mathrm{是}\mathrm{它}\mathrm{的}\mathrm{事}\mathrm{实}。)$$

$$(A\text{ logical entity cannot be merely possible. Logic treats of every possibility, and all possibilities are its facts.})$$

2.013 每一个事物都好似在一个可能的原子事实的空间里。我可以设想这个空间是空的，但我无法设想没有这个空间的事物。

2.013 Each thing is, as it were, in a space of possible atomic facts. I can think of this space as empty, but not of the thing without the space.

2.014 对象包含了一切事态的可能性。

2.014 Objects contain the possibility of all states of affairs.

2.0141 它出现在原子事实中的可能性就是对象的形式。

2.0141 The possibility of its occurrence in atomic facts is the form of the object.

2.02 对象是简单的。

2.02 The object is simple.

2.0201 每一个关于复合物的陈述都可以分析为关于其组成部分的陈述，并分析为那些完全描述了该复合物的命题。

2.0201 Every statement about complexes can be analysed into a statement about their constituent parts, and into those propositions which completely describe the complexes.

2.021 对象构成了世界的实体。因此它们不能是复合的。

2.021 Objects form the substance of the world. Therefore they cannot be compound.

2.022 很明显，无论一个想象的世界与真实的世界有多么不同，它必然与真实世界有着某种共同的东西——即一种形式。

2.022 It is clear that however different from the real one an imagined world may be, it must have something—a form—in common with the real world.

2.023 这种固定的形式由对象组成。

2.023 This fixed form consists of the objects.

2.024 实体是独立于所发生的事而存在的。

2.024 Substance is what exists independently of what is the case.

2.025 它是形式和内容。

2.025 It is form and content.

2.0251 空间、时间和颜色（有色性）是对象的形式。

2.0251 Space, time and colour (colouredness) are forms of objects.

2.027 固定的、持存的和对象是同一个东西。

2.027 The fixed, the subsistent and the object are one.

2.0271 对象是固定的、存在的；配置是变动的、可变的。

2.0271 The object is the fixed, the existent; the configuration is the changing, the variable.

2.0272 对象的配置构成了原子事实。

2.0272 The configuration of the objects forms the atomic fact.

2.03 在原子事实中，对象相互咬合，就像链条的环节一样。

2.03 In the atomic fact objects hang one in another, like the links of a chain.

2.031 在原子事实中，对象以确定的方式结合在一起。

2.031 In the atomic fact the objects are combined in a definite way.

2.032 对象在原子事实中相互咬合的方式就是原子事实的结构。

2.032 The way in which objects hang together in the atomic fact is the structure of the atomic fact.

2.033 形式是结构的可能性。

2.033 The form is the possibility of the structure.

2.034 事实的结构由原子事实的结构组成。

2.034 The structure of the fact consists of the structures of the atomic facts.

2.04 存在的原子事实的总体就是世界。

2.04 The totality of existent atomic facts is the world.

2.05 存在的原子事实的总体也决定了哪些原子事实不存在。

2.05 The totality of existent atomic facts also determines which atomic facts do not exist.

2.06 原子事实的存在我们亦称之为正面的事实，它们的不存在称为负面的事实。

2.06 The existence of atomic facts we also call a positive fact, their non-existence a negative fact.